1. What happened before printing was invented?

invent: make or think of sth. for the first time

Who invented the bicycle?

inventor: a person who makes or thinks of sth. new

invention

The invention of the telephone changed the world.

Paper was one of the most important inventions in the whole of Chinese history.

cf. discover ; discoverer ; discovery

2. In the beginning, they used to carve Chinese characters on stones to record important dates in history.

○1 in the beginning = at last

○2 used to do sth. _______________________________________________.

be used to sth.________________________________________________.

be used to doing sth. _________________________________________.

be used to do sth. _____________________________________________.

○3 carve … on stones

Her father carved a little horse for her out of wood.

○4 Chinese characters

How many main characters are there in the short play?

He’s a man of strong character.

○5 record important date in history

In his diary, he recorded everything that he did. ( v. )

She holds the world record for long jump. ( n. )

Keep a record of all the money you speed. ( n. )

recorder ; tape recorder ; video recorder

3. But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.

○1develop

After he retired, he developed an interest in gardening.

He believes that sports can develop mind and body.( 有益身心發展 )

He developed the little store into a big department store.

The city has developed into the center of industry.

We must study hard to develop our English speaking skills. (培養英語會話技巧)

China is a developing country while Japan is a developed country.

With the rapid development of agriculture and industry, ….

○2 have a way of doing sth.

think of a way to do sth.

People had to use other ways to record information.

4. beat – beat – beaten

He beat the boy black and blue.

Waves are beating the rocks.

You beat me in the race, but I’ll beat you at tennis.

My heart beat fast at the sight of him.

The bird _________ its wings rapidly as it flies on.

A. beat B. hit C. struck D. knocked

They gave him a good beating.

5. How did the printing come out ?

○1 出來: The stars came out as soon as it was dark.

○2 出版 That magazine comes out once a week.

○3 開花,發芽 I think the rose will come out next month.

○4 結果(如何) How did the movie finally come out?

Everything will come out all right.

○5 考第一名 I came out first in the examination.

○6 透露,傳出（消息）The secret will finally come out.

6. They carved a whole page of characters black-to-front in the wood.

a face-to-face struggle ; a heart-to-heart talk

7. press : push sth.

If you press this button, the door will open.

pressure

Is he suffering from pressure of work?

under the pressure of …

8. The Chinese have been making paper for 2000 years.

Mr. Chen, our English teacher, has been teaching English for over 20 years.

9. … and these were tied together to form a book.

She tied a scarf round her neck.

tie … to …

tie the horse to the tree;

tie sb./sth. up

The thief was tied up.

Please find me a tie to tie up all these boxes.

Our school has ties with a school in Australia.

10. It is believed that before writing was developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.

by = by means of

We learn swimming by swimming.

He made a living by begging.

We must learn spoken English by practicing speaking.

11. …, they were still difficult to read and were very heavy to carry.

English is difficult to learn.

= It’s difficult to learn English.

= To learn English is difficult.

It was easy to write and draw on silk.

The room is large enough for us to live in.

12. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.

The lady is too old for the job.

The lady was too old to do the job.

I’m too glad (/ pleased / happy ) to see you.

He’s too ready to help others.

--- I always look out when crossing the street.

--- You’re right. You can’t be too _______.

A. nervous B. careful C. hurried D. careless

13. This kind of paper was as soft and light as silk, but much less expensive.

Bob sang ________, if not better than, Tim.

A. as well as B. better than C. so well D. so well as

His father knows little of English and ________ of French.

A. lot B. much C. still less D. even more

14. a paper-making factory

peace-loving people ; an English-speaking country