數(shù)詞
1. dozen , score
2. in the (early/ late)nineties / in the 1990s/ in the 90’s 在九十年代
in one’s (early/ late)nineties 在某人九十多歲
3. 分數(shù)的表達法:
1/2 a half/ one half 1/4 a/ one quarter
3/4 three fourths / three quarters 3 1/4 three and on quarter
4. nine ----ninth / ninety
four---- fourth/ forty (第九四十有變化)
5. 小數(shù)的讀法
0.4 zero point four / point four 10.23 ten point two three
1.03 one point o three
1.03 meters/ 0.5 meter
6. 百分數(shù)的讀法
50% fifty percent (percent 無復數(shù)形式)
7. 加減乘除法
① 加用 plus, and , add 等于用is , make, equal, 提問用how much,
② 減用minus , take from
③ 乘用 time , multiply
④ 除用 divide 的過去分詞表示
注意: 加,乘的謂語單復皆可, 而減，除的謂語用單數(shù).
Eg
Two and three is equal to five=Two and three make five.= Two added to three equals five.
Take 6 from ten and the remainder is four. = Six taken from ten is four.
Multiply three by four, we get twelve.= The multiplied by four makes 12.
Sixteen divided by four is / equals/ makes four.
主謂一致
1. 一些固定不變的名詞的復數(shù)形式
如: crossroads(十字路口), barracks(兵營) , headquarters(總部), means(方法,手段) , species(種類,品種), series(系列), works(工廠)等. 動詞的單復數(shù)取決于限定詞或上下文內(nèi)容中作者要表達的意思.
2. 以s 結尾的學科名詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞:
economics(經(jīng)濟學), electronics(電子學), mathematics(數(shù)學), politics(政治學) 等
3. 有些表示成雙成對的詞,常用復數(shù)形式,且謂語動詞用復數(shù).如:eyeglasses, pants(褲子), scissors(剪刀), shoes, shorts(短褲), socks(短襪), stockings(長統(tǒng)襪), trousers,等.
4. 集合名詞: 強調(diào)整體時用單數(shù),強調(diào)集體的成員時用復數(shù):如:army , audience(觀眾), board(委員會), committee(委員會), crew(全體隊員,船員,機組人員), crowd(人群), firm(公司), government(政府), group(組群), majority(多數(shù)人), minority(少數(shù)人), public(公眾), staff(全體工作人員), union(聯(lián)盟)等.
注意: the public 表示公共場所的人時謂語單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以.
man(人類), police(警察)只能做復數(shù)名詞使用,謂語只能用復數(shù).
5. 表示人名,地名,國家名等專有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的謂語一律用單數(shù).
6. 注意一些名詞的特殊復數(shù)形式: phenomenon-phenomena(現(xiàn)象), goose-geese(鵝肉), mouse-mice(老鼠), 等
7. 不定代詞或every 加名詞做主語: every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything,等,在句中做主語,或做限定詞限定一個名詞或加of時, 謂語用單數(shù).
8. 限定詞加名詞做主語: all, any, many, more, most, some的謂語取決于他們所修飾的名詞.
注意: many a / more than one 是固定搭配, 謂語也用單數(shù).
9. 含有of的短語和介詞短語做主語時
① half of, all of, any of, a lot of, most of, --- percent of , some of, five sevenths of , the rest of 等短語的謂語取決于of后的名詞.
②a number of 與the number of
10. 就前原則
當主語間由介詞with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, not to mention, including , like, but, except等連接時, 其謂語取決于此介詞前一個主語.
11. 就近原則
not only---but also , either,--- or, neither---nor, or 等連接多個主語時, 謂語取決于離謂語最近的那個主語.
12. 比較: The singer and the dancer are going to attend our party.
The singer and dancer is going to attend our party.
13. 固定詞組: a knife and fork, a cup and saucer(帶茶托的茶杯), ice-cream and cake (冰淇淋蛋糕), iron and steel, 不管作復合名詞還是形容詞, 謂語都用單數(shù).
14. 凡是計量時間,距離,金錢,體積,尺寸等的度量衡作主語時, 位于都用單數(shù), 常見的有:
years, dollars, dozens, miles, length, width等.
15. 數(shù)學上的加減乘除的規(guī)律是: 加,乘的謂語單復皆可, 而減，除的謂語用單數(shù).
16. 分類詞做主語是: form, kind, part, piece, portion, quantity, section, sort, type 等加of形成的短語作主語時,謂語取決于這些詞本身的單復數(shù).
The newest types of computer are on show.
17. 動名詞和不定式作主語時, 謂語一律用單數(shù).
18. 從句作主語時, 主句的謂語用單數(shù),擔當what, all(that),或such引導的句子作主語時謂語要取決于后面的表語.
What they want are some books.
All that the ask for is money.
19. 定語從句的關系代詞在從句中充當主語時, 從句的謂語應與先行詞保持一致.
She is the only/very one of the students who has passed the examination.
She is one of--- who have ---